llp-blog⼯⼚⽅法模式
⼯⼚⽅法模式，属于创建者模式中的一种，这类模式提供创建对象的机制， 能够提升已有代码的灵活性和可复⽤性。
创建者模式包括：⼯⼚⽅法、抽象⼯⼚、⽣成器、原型、单例，这5类。
1.⼯⼚⽅法模式介绍
⼯⼚模式⼜称⼯⼚⽅法模式，是⼀种创建型设计模式，其在⽗类中提供⼀个创建对象的⽅法， 允许⼦类
决定实例化对象的类型。
这种设计模式也是 Java 开发中最常⻅的⼀种模式，它的主要意图是定义⼀个创建对象的接⼝，让其⼦
类⾃⼰决定实例化哪⼀个⼯⼚类，⼯⼚模式使其创建过程延迟到⼦类进⾏。
简单说就是为了提供代码结构的扩展性，屏蔽每⼀个功能类中的具体实现逻辑。让外部可以更加简单的
只是知道调⽤即可，同时，这也是去掉众多 ifelse 的⽅式。当然这可能也有⼀些缺点，⽐如需要实现
的类⾮常多，如何去维护，怎样减低开发成本。但这些问题都可以在后续的设计模式结合使⽤中，逐步
降低。
2.模拟发奖多种商品
这⾥模拟互联⽹中在营销场景下的业务。由于营销场景
的复杂、多变、临时的特性，它所需要的设计需要更加深⼊，否则会经常⾯临各种紧急CRUD操作，从
⽽让代码结构混乱不堪，难以维护。
在营销场景中经常会有某个⽤户做了⼀些操作；打卡、分享、留⾔、邀请注册等等，进⾏返利积分，最
后通过积分在兑换商品，从⽽促活和拉新。
那么在这⾥我们模拟积分兑换中的发放多种类型商品，假如现在我们有如下三种类型的商品接⼝；
| 序号 | 类型 | 接⼝ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 优惠券 | CouponResult sendCoupon(String uId, String couponNumber, String uuid) |
| 2 | 实物商品 | Boolean deliverGoods(DeliverReq req) |
| 3 | 第三⽅爱奇艺 | void grantToken(String bindMobileNumber, String cardId) |
从以上接⼝来看有如下信息：
三个接⼝返回类型不同，有对象类型、布尔类型、还有⼀个空类型。
⼊参不同，发放优惠券需要仿重、兑换卡需要卡ID、实物商品需要发货位置(对象中含有)。
另外可能会随着后续的业务的发展，会新增其他种商品类型。因为你所有的开发需求都是随着业务
对市场的拓展⽽带来的。对市场的拓展⽽带来的。
如果不考虑任何扩展性，只为了尽快满⾜需求，那么对这么⼏种奖励发放只需使⽤ifelse语句判断，调
⽤不同的接⼝即可满⾜需求。可能这也是⼀些刚⼊⻔编程的⼩伙伴，常⽤的⽅式。接下来我们就先按照
这样的⽅式来实现业务的需求。
3.用⼀坨坨代码实现
代码实现
如果不考虑任何扩展性，只为了尽快满足需求，那么对这么⼏种奖励发放只需使⽤ifelse语句判断，调 ⽤不同的接⼝即可满⾜需求。接下来我们就先按照，这样的⽅式来实现业务的需求。
java
/**
* 模拟发奖服务
*/
public class PrizeController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PrizeController.class);
public AwardRes awardToUser(AwardReq req) {
String reqJson = JSON.toJSONString(req);
//模拟接收发放奖品响应
AwardRes awardRes = null;
try {
logger.info("奖品发放开始{}。req:{}", req.getuId(), reqJson);
// 按照不同类型方法商品[1优惠券、2实物商品、3第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)]
if (req.getAwardType() == 1) {
CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(req.getuId(), req.getAwardNumber(), req.getBizId());
if ("0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", couponResult.getInfo());
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 2) {
GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setSku(req.getAwardNumber());
deliverReq.setOrderId(req.getBizId());
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
if (isSuccess) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", "发放失败");
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 3) {
String bindMobileNumber = queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId());
IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(bindMobileNumber, req.getAwardNumber());
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
}
logger.info("奖品发放完成{}。", req.getuId());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("奖品发放失败{}。req:{}", req.getuId(), reqJson, e);
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", e.getMessage());
}
return awardRes;
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}/**
* 模拟发奖服务
*/
public class PrizeController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PrizeController.class);
public AwardRes awardToUser(AwardReq req) {
String reqJson = JSON.toJSONString(req);
//模拟接收发放奖品响应
AwardRes awardRes = null;
try {
logger.info("奖品发放开始{}。req:{}", req.getuId(), reqJson);
// 按照不同类型方法商品[1优惠券、2实物商品、3第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)]
if (req.getAwardType() == 1) {
CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(req.getuId(), req.getAwardNumber(), req.getBizId());
if ("0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", couponResult.getInfo());
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 2) {
GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setSku(req.getAwardNumber());
deliverReq.setOrderId(req.getBizId());
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
if (isSuccess) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", "发放失败");
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 3) {
String bindMobileNumber = queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId());
IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(bindMobileNumber, req.getAwardNumber());
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
}
logger.info("奖品发放完成{}。", req.getuId());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("奖品发放失败{}。req:{}", req.getuId(), reqJson, e);
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", e.getMessage());
}
return awardRes;
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}如上就是使⽤ ifelse ⾮常直接的实现出来业务需求的⼀坨代码，如果仅从业务⻆度看，
研发如期甚⾄提前实现了功能。
那这样的代码⽬前来看并不会有什么问题，但如果在经过⼏次的迭代和拓展，接⼿这段代码的研发
将⼗分痛苦。᯿构成本⾼需要理清之前每⼀个接⼝的使⽤，测试回归验证时间⻓，需要全部验证⼀
次。这也就是很多⼈并不愿意接⼿别⼈的代码，如果接⼿了⼜被压榨开发时间。那么可想⽽知这样
的 ifelse 还会继续增加。
测试验证
java
public class ApiTest {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApiTest.class);
@Test
public void test_awardToUser() {
PrizeController prizeController = new PrizeController();
System.out.println("\r\n模拟发放优惠券测试\r\n");
// 模拟发放优惠券测试
AwardReq req01 = new AwardReq();
req01.setuId("10001");
req01.setAwardType(1);
req01.setAwardNumber("EGM1023938910232121323432");
req01.setBizId("791098764902132");
AwardRes awardRes01 = prizeController.awardToUser(req01);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req01));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes01));
System.out.println("\r\n模拟方法实物商品\r\n");
// 模拟方法实物商品
AwardReq req02 = new AwardReq();
req02.setuId("10001");
req02.setAwardType(2);
req02.setAwardNumber("9820198721311");
req02.setBizId("1023000020112221113");
req02.setExtMap(new HashMap<String, String>() {{
put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
}});
AwardRes awardRes02 = prizeController.awardToUser(req02);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req02));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes02));
//模拟发放爱奇艺会员
System.out.println("\r\n第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)\r\n");
AwardReq req03 = new AwardReq();
req03.setuId("10001");
req03.setAwardType(3);
req03.setAwardNumber("AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio");
AwardRes awardRes03 = prizeController.awardToUser(req03);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req03));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes03));
}
}public class ApiTest {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApiTest.class);
@Test
public void test_awardToUser() {
PrizeController prizeController = new PrizeController();
System.out.println("\r\n模拟发放优惠券测试\r\n");
// 模拟发放优惠券测试
AwardReq req01 = new AwardReq();
req01.setuId("10001");
req01.setAwardType(1);
req01.setAwardNumber("EGM1023938910232121323432");
req01.setBizId("791098764902132");
AwardRes awardRes01 = prizeController.awardToUser(req01);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req01));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes01));
System.out.println("\r\n模拟方法实物商品\r\n");
// 模拟方法实物商品
AwardReq req02 = new AwardReq();
req02.setuId("10001");
req02.setAwardType(2);
req02.setAwardNumber("9820198721311");
req02.setBizId("1023000020112221113");
req02.setExtMap(new HashMap<String, String>() {{
put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
}});
AwardRes awardRes02 = prizeController.awardToUser(req02);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req02));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes02));
//模拟发放爱奇艺会员
System.out.println("\r\n第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)\r\n");
AwardReq req03 = new AwardReq();
req03.setuId("10001");
req03.setAwardType(3);
req03.setAwardNumber("AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio");
AwardRes awardRes03 = prizeController.awardToUser(req03);
logger.info("请求参数：{}", JSON.toJSON(req03));
logger.info("测试结果：{}", JSON.toJSON(awardRes03));
}
}测试结果
java
模拟发放优惠券测试
22:17:55.668 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1,"bizId":"791098764902132","uId":"10001"}
模拟发放优惠券一张：10001,EGM1023938910232121323432,791098764902132
22:17:55.671 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.673 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","bizId":"791098764902132","awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1}
22:17:55.674 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
模拟方法实物商品
22:17:55.675 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2,"bizId":"1023000020112221113","extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109"},"uId":"10001"}
模拟发货实物商品一个：{"consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","orderId":"1023000020112221113","sku":"9820198721311","userName":"花花","userPhone":"15200101232"}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123"},"uId":"10001","bizId":"1023000020112221113","awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3,"uId":"10001"}
模拟发放爱奇艺会员卡一张：15200101232，AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3}
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
Process finished with exit code 0模拟发放优惠券测试
22:17:55.668 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1,"bizId":"791098764902132","uId":"10001"}
模拟发放优惠券一张：10001,EGM1023938910232121323432,791098764902132
22:17:55.671 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.673 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","bizId":"791098764902132","awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1}
22:17:55.674 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
模拟方法实物商品
22:17:55.675 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2,"bizId":"1023000020112221113","extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109"},"uId":"10001"}
模拟发货实物商品一个：{"consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","orderId":"1023000020112221113","sku":"9820198721311","userName":"花花","userPhone":"15200101232"}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123"},"uId":"10001","bizId":"1023000020112221113","awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3,"uId":"10001"}
模拟发放爱奇艺会员卡一张：15200101232，AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3}
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
Process finished with exit code 04.⼯⼚模式优化代码
代码实现
定义发奖接口
java
public interface ICommodity {
void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId,
Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception;
}public interface ICommodity {
void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId,
Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception;
}所有的奖品⽆论是实物、虚拟还是第三⽅，都需要通过我们的程序实现此接⼝进⾏处理，以保证最
终⼊参出参的统⼀性。
接⼝的⼊参包括； ⽤户ID 、 奖品ID 、 业务ID 以及 扩展字段 ⽤于处理发放实物商品时的收获地址。
实现奖品发放接⼝
优惠券
java
//优惠卷
public class CouponCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CouponCommodityService.class);
private CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(uId, commodityId, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]：{}", JSON.toJSON(couponResult));
if (!"0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) throw new RuntimeException(couponResult.getInfo());
}
}//优惠卷
public class CouponCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CouponCommodityService.class);
private CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(uId, commodityId, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]：{}", JSON.toJSON(couponResult));
if (!"0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) throw new RuntimeException(couponResult.getInfo());
}
}实物商品
java
public class GoodsCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GoodsCommodityService.class);
private GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(uId));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(uId));
deliverReq.setSku(commodityId);
deliverReq.setOrderId(bizId);
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(extMap.get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(extMap.get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(extMap.get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]：{}", isSuccess);
if (!isSuccess) throw new RuntimeException("实物商品发放失败");
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}public class GoodsCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GoodsCommodityService.class);
private GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(uId));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(uId));
deliverReq.setSku(commodityId);
deliverReq.setOrderId(bizId);
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(extMap.get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(extMap.get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(extMap.get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]：{}", isSuccess);
if (!isSuccess) throw new RuntimeException("实物商品发放失败");
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}第三方兑换卡
java
public class CardCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CardCommodityService.class);
// 模拟注入
private IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
String mobile = queryUserMobile(uId);
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(mobile, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[爱奇艺兑换卡] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[爱奇艺兑换卡]：success");
}
private String queryUserMobile(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}public class CardCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CardCommodityService.class);
// 模拟注入
private IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
String mobile = queryUserMobile(uId);
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(mobile, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[爱奇艺兑换卡] => uId：{} commodityId：{} bizId：{} extMap：{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[爱奇艺兑换卡]：success");
}
private String queryUserMobile(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}- 从上面可以看到每一种奖品的实现都包括在自己的类中，新增、修改或者删除都不会影响其他奖品功能的测试，降低回归测试的可能。
- 后续在新增的奖品只需要按照此结构进行填充即可，非常易于维护和扩展。
- 在统一了入参以及出参后，调用方不在需要关心奖品发放的内部逻辑，按照统一的方式即可处理。
创建商店工厂
java
public class StoreFactory {
public ICommodity getCommodityService(Integer commodityType) {
if (null == commodityType) return null;
if (1 == commodityType) return new CouponCommodityService();
if (2 == commodityType) return new GoodsCommodityService();
if (3 == commodityType) return new CardCommodityService();
throw new RuntimeException("不存在的商品服务类型");
}
}public class StoreFactory {
public ICommodity getCommodityService(Integer commodityType) {
if (null == commodityType) return null;
if (1 == commodityType) return new CouponCommodityService();
if (2 == commodityType) return new GoodsCommodityService();
if (3 == commodityType) return new CardCommodityService();
throw new RuntimeException("不存在的商品服务类型");
}
}- 这里我们定义了一个商店的工厂类，在里面按照类型实现各种商品的服务。可以非常干净整洁的处理你的代码，后续新增的商品在这里扩展即可。如果你不喜欢
if判断，也可以使用switch或者map配置结构，会让代码更加干净。 - 另外很多代码检查软件和编码要求，不喜欢if语句后面不写扩展，这里是为了更加干净的向你体现逻辑。在实际的业务编码中可以添加括号。
测试验证
java
@Test
public void test_commodity() throws Exception {
StoreFactory storeFactory = new StoreFactory();
// 1. 优惠券
ICommodity commodityService_1 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(1);
commodityService_1.sendCommodity("10001", "EGM1023938910232121323432", "791098764902132", null);
// 2. 实物商品
ICommodity commodityService_2 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(2);
Map<String,String> extMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
extMap.put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
extMap.put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
extMap.put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
commodityService_2.sendCommodity("10001","9820198721311","1023000020112221113", extMap);
// 3. 第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
ICommodity commodityService_3 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(3);
commodityService_3.sendCommodity("10001","AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio",null,null);
}@Test
public void test_commodity() throws Exception {
StoreFactory storeFactory = new StoreFactory();
// 1. 优惠券
ICommodity commodityService_1 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(1);
commodityService_1.sendCommodity("10001", "EGM1023938910232121323432", "791098764902132", null);
// 2. 实物商品
ICommodity commodityService_2 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(2);
Map<String,String> extMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
extMap.put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
extMap.put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
extMap.put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
commodityService_2.sendCommodity("10001","9820198721311","1023000020112221113", extMap);
// 3. 第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
ICommodity commodityService_3 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(3);
commodityService_3.sendCommodity("10001","AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio",null,null);
}java
模拟发放优惠券测试
22:17:55.668 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1,"bizId":"791098764902132","uId":"10001"}
模拟发放优惠券一张：10001,EGM1023938910232121323432,791098764902132
22:17:55.671 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.673 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","bizId":"791098764902132","awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1}
22:17:55.674 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
模拟方法实物商品
22:17:55.675 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2,"bizId":"1023000020112221113","extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109"},"uId":"10001"}
模拟发货实物商品一个：{"consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","orderId":"1023000020112221113","sku":"9820198721311","userName":"花花","userPhone":"15200101232"}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123"},"uId":"10001","bizId":"1023000020112221113","awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3,"uId":"10001"}
模拟发放爱奇艺会员卡一张：15200101232，AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3}
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
Process finished with exit code 0模拟发放优惠券测试
22:17:55.668 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1,"bizId":"791098764902132","uId":"10001"}
模拟发放优惠券一张：10001,EGM1023938910232121323432,791098764902132
22:17:55.671 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.673 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","bizId":"791098764902132","awardNumber":"EGM1023938910232121323432","awardType":1}
22:17:55.674 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
模拟方法实物商品
22:17:55.675 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2,"bizId":"1023000020112221113","extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109"},"uId":"10001"}
模拟发货实物商品一个：{"consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123","orderId":"1023000020112221113","sku":"9820198721311","userName":"花花","userPhone":"15200101232"}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"extMap":{"consigneeUserName":"谢飞机","consigneeUserAddress":"吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109","consigneeUserPhone":"15200292123"},"uId":"10001","bizId":"1023000020112221113","awardNumber":"9820198721311","awardType":2}
22:17:55.677 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放开始10001。req:{"awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3,"uId":"10001"}
模拟发放爱奇艺会员卡一张：15200101232，AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO o.i.demo.design.PrizeController - 奖品发放完成10001。
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 请求参数：{"uId":"10001","awardNumber":"AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio","awardType":3}
22:17:55.678 [main] INFO org.itstack.demo.test.ApiTest - 测试结果：{"code":"0000","info":"发放成功"}
Process finished with exit code 05.总结
- 更具不同的类型处理不同业务或者需要实现不同的业务逻辑去做处理时，可以考虑使用工程模式
- 那么这样的开发的好处知道后，也可以总结出来它的优点；
避免创建者与具体的产品逻辑耦合、满足单一职责，每一个业务逻辑实现都在所属自己的类中完成、满足开闭原则，无需更改使用调用方就可以在程序中引入新的产品类型。但这样也会带来一些问题，比如有非常多的奖品类型，那么实现的子类会极速扩张。因此也需要使用其他的模式进行优化。